Forces and Fields

A particle that is formed entirely from ethereal, imaginary or neutral components can be difficult to characterize and distinguish from other phenomena. So if there are a lot of these elusive particles in a description then it may be more convenient to group them together and refer to them collectively as a field. For example we may vaguely refer to a set of leptonic quarks as an electromagnetic field, or a collection of gravitons as a gravitational field.

## Field Quanta

A field quantum is formed by quark-pairs that are out-of-phase anti-particles to each other.

They have no mass, charge, baryon number or lepton number. But they have distinct temperatures and momenta that vary by quark-type. Different sorts of fields are defined by different quark distributions.

Field quanta can be understood as parts or components of photons. Field quanta can move around between Newtonian particles by 'hitching a ride' on any passing photon.

Momentum is conserved. So if a Newtonian particle absorbs or emits a field quantum, then it experiences a force that is proportional to the momentum of the quantum.

The likelihood of an interaction involving the exchange of a field quantum is proportional to the temperature difference between particles. These interactions moderate extreme motions, scatter energy values and cause regression toward mean temperatures, i.e. dispersion. Thermodynamic equilibrium is obtained by field quanta moving about. For a specific case of using \begin{align} \sf { q \overline{q} } \end{align} pairs to obtain thermodynamic viability, take a look at the difference between the core quarks and the coefficients of all quarks in the models of, for example, pions .

We use the symbol 𝓕 to denote a field quantum. There are two possible arrangements for any given pair of quarks, that depend on the phase. E.g.

 $𝓕 \sf{(e)} \equiv$ $\Huge{ \{ }$ , $\Huge{\} }$
 $\overline{𝓕} \sf{(e)} \equiv$ $\Huge{ \{ }$ , $\Huge{\} }$

These two quanta have their momenta pointed in opposite directions. So if one increases, then the other decreases the total momentum of any absorbing particle. Hence, the impressed force has two possibilites; like an attraction or a repulsion, or perhaps a push vs a pull.

also include pairs of down quarks

These field quanta are components that are combined to make a general description of any physical force. They are used to define larger force-carrying bosons (photons, gravitons and weak quanta …) that then fit into space-time descriptions.

## Photons

This list shows a full range of quark-types, but just a few of the many photonic possibilities. Particles that carry a lot of momentum, like gamma-rays, are used to explain strong nuclear forces. Photons that carry almost no momentum are associated with microwaves1 and radio-waves.2

Some of the photons above are described by their color as perceived by the naked eye of an ordinary human observer. This is an extension to the way we use colors with nuclear particles. (For more about this, you can jump ahead to the discussion of spatial isotropy.)

## Gravitons

The $\sf{ \Gamma ^{\text{D}} }$ graviton carries the force of gravity in the same direction as all the other gravitons. But absorbing one increases the number of down seeds and so too the outer radius. The absorbing particle expands and cools.

 Next step: particles that are excited by fields.

Related WikiMechanics articles.

 Newton's Second Law of Motion You can jump ahead to a discussion about how interacting with these field quanta is related to our traditional understanding of force.
page revision: 401, last edited: 15 Apr 2019 20:23