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| Bead Panel from a baby carrier, Bahau people. Borneo 20th century, 27 x 24 cm. From the Teo Family collection, Kuching. Photograph by D Dunlop. |
Let P be a generic particle composed of some collection of seeds. One way to make a mathematical description of P is just to count the number of different types of seeds in P. To satisfy Anaxagorean convention, Cantor's definition of a set, and Pauli's exclusion principle, we require that seeds are perfectly distinct. Therefore seed counts always report integers, never fractions.
If all seeds are paired in quarks, then P can also be represented as a set of quarks and mathematically described by counting quarks. We note the results of such an inventory using the symbol n. For example, if P contains three amperic quarks, we write
These numbers are called quark coefficients because they can be interpreted as factors in a nuclear reaction that yields P. For example if
then the quark coefficients of P are 
and 
. Quark coefficients are always integers because seed counts are always integers and there are two seeds per quark by definition. In general, we use the symbol 
or 
to generically note coefficients of ordinary quarks. Recall that 
is just a number that indicates quark-type. Coefficients of anti-quarks are written with an overline as 
. A few other quantities used for describing P are defined below. Z notes a thermodynamic seed, and also a quark-type.
| Characteristic | Definition |
| the total number of ζ-type quarks |  |
| the total number of all types of ordinary-quarks |  |
| the proportion of ζ-type ordinary-quarks |  |
| the net number of Z-type quarks |  |
| the net number of big baryonic quarks |  |
| the net number of small baryonic quarks |  |
Theorem: The the net number of quarks in particle P and its anti-particle P are related as
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| Next step: a more discerning description of quarks. |
