Temperature

Quark Temperatures

ζ	z z	T (C)
1	u u	96
2	d d	1,906
3	e e	-57
4	g g	1,398
5	m m	11
6	a a	-122
7	t t	91
8	b b	0
9	s s	33
10	c c	100

Let a generic particle P be characterized by some repetitive chain of events noted as

$\mbox{\fontsize{14}{18}\selectfont $ \Psi ^{\sf{P}} = \left( \sf{\Omega}_{1} , \sf{\Omega}_{2} , \sf{\Omega}_{3} \ \ldots \ \right) $}$

where each orbital cycle is a bundle of N seeds

$\mbox{\fontsize{14}{18}\selectfont $ \sf{\Omega} = \left\{ \sf{Z}^{1} , \sf{Z}^{2} \ \ldots \ \sf{Z}^{\it{i}} \ \ldots \ \sf{Z}^{\it{N}} \right\} $}$

and each seed is known by its ὲ its audibility and Ǩ its thermal energy. P is described by a sum over these component seeds

$\mbox{\fontsize{18}{22}\selectfont $ T \equiv \frac{2}{Nk_{B}} \sum_{i\sf{=1}}^{N} \sf{\grave{\varepsilon}} ^{\it{i}} \it{\v{K}}^{\it{i}} $}$

where k_B is Boltzmann's constant. Definition: the number T is called the temperature of P. The temperature may be positive, negative or zero depending on the particle's composition and the choice of a thermometric reference sensation. To determine numerical values consider a bottom-quark b for which

$\mbox{\fontsize{14}{18}\selectfont $ T^{\,\sf{b}} = \left( \v{K}^{\sf{B}} - \v{K}^{\sf{O}} \right) / k_{B}} $}$

If the thermometric reference sensation is chosen so that a bottom-seed has the same thermal energy as a conjugate-seed, then

$\mbox{\fontsize{14}{18}\selectfont $ \v{K}^{\sf{B}} = \v{K}^{\sf{O}} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{\large{\sf{and}}} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ T^{\,\sf{b}} =0 }$}$

We note such a choice by calling T the Celsius temperature and using a conventional unit, the Celsius degree abbreviated as (C). This definition of Celsius temperature depends on what we mean by touching ice because this feeling was used to define a cold reference sensation and the bottom-seeds. But there are many different kinds of ice and to make reliable measurements we therefore need to specify the reference sensation more precisely. So, by "touching ice" we mean; touching a slushy mix of frozen water and clean pure liquid water in an open container near sea level on Earth. This is a utterly conventional way of defining zero on the Celsius temperature scale.

We have also defined the charmed quarks using the reference sensation of touching steam. And since there are different kinds of steam we also need to specify this sensation more carefully. So, by "touching steam" we mean; touching the vapors rising from an open container of pure boiling water near sea level on Earth. This is a very traditional way of defining 100 (C). Charmed quarks are objectified from this sensation, so we require that their temperature is 100 (C). The other temperatures listed in the accompanying table can be obtained from laboratory observations of nuclear particles.

Theorem: an ordinary quark and its associated anti-quark have the same temperature. To see this, consider the generic quarks

$\mbox{\fontsize{14}{18}\selectfont $ \sf{z} = \left\{ \sf{Z}, \sf{O} \right\} \ \ \ \ \text{\large{\sf{and}}} \ \ \ \ \overline{\sf{z}} = \left\{ \sf{Z}, \overline{\sf{O}} \right\} $}$

By the foregoing definition, the temperature of these particles is given by

$\mbox{\fontsize{14}{18}\selectfont $ T^{\,\sf{z}} = \left( \v{K}^{\sf{Z}} - \v{K}^{\sf{O}} \right) / k_{B}} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{\large{\sf{and}}} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ T^{\,\sf{\overline{z}}} = \left( \v{K}^{\sf{B}} - \v{K}^{\sf{\overline{O}}} \right) / k_{B}} }$}$